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<title>Soft target</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Soft target</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the book, see <a href="Soft_Target_(book)" title="Soft Target (book)">Soft Target (book)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Terrorism" title="Terrorism">Terrorism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above">

<ul><li><a href="Definition_of_terrorism" title="Definition of terrorism">Definitions</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_terrorism" title="History of terrorism">History</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_terrorist_incidents" title="List of terrorist incidents">Incidents</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">By <a href="Ideology" title="Ideology">ideology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-bottom:0;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;">

<ul><li><a href="Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Anarchist</a></li>

<li><a href="Communist_terrorism" title="Communist terrorism">Communist</a></li>

<li><a href="Narcoterrorism" title="Narcoterrorism">Narcotics-driven</a></li>

<li><a href="Nationalist_terrorism" title="Nationalist terrorism">Nationalist</a>

<ul><li><a href="Zionist_political_violence" title="Zionist political violence">Zionist</a></li>

<li><a href="Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Right-wing_terrorism" title="Right-wing terrorism">Right-wing/Far-right</a></li></ul>

</div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;">

<a href="Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;">

<ul><li><a href="Buddhism_and_violence" title="Buddhism and violence">Buddhist</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_terrorism" title="Christian terrorism">Christian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mormonism_and_violence" title="Mormonism and violence">Mormon</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_terrorism" title="Hindu terrorism">Hindu</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_terrorism" title="Jewish terrorism">Jewish</a>

<ul><li><a href="Zionist_political_violence" title="Zionist political violence">Zionist</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;">

<a href="Special-interest_terrorism" title="Special-interest terrorism">Special-interest / Single-issue</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;">

<ul><li><a href="Suffragette_bombing_and_arson_campaign" title="Suffragette bombing and arson campaign">Suffragette</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-abortion_violence" title="Anti-abortion violence">Anti-abortion</a></li>

<li><a href="Eco-terrorism" title="Eco-terrorism">Green/Ecological</a></li>

<li><a href="Misogynist_terrorism" title="Misogynist terrorism">Misogynist</a></li></ul>

</div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;">

Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;">

<ul><li><a href="Violent_extremism" title="Violent extremism">Violent extremism</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li>

<li><a href="Resistance_movement" title="Resistance movement">Resistance movement</a></li></ul>

</div></td>

</tr></tbody></table></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizational structures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Terrorism_financing" title="Terrorism financing">Financing</a></li>

<li><a href="Terrorist_front_organization" title="Terrorist front organization">Fronting</a></li>

<li><a href="Radicalization" title="Radicalization">Radicalization</a> (<a href="Online_youth_radicalization" title="Online youth radicalization">online</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Terrorist_training_camp" title="Terrorist training camp">Training camp</a></li>

<li><a href="Death_squad" title="Death squad">Death squad</a></li>

<li><a href="Clandestine_cell_system" title="Clandestine cell system">Clandestine cell system</a></li>

<li><a href="Leaderless_resistance" title="Leaderless resistance">Leaderless resistance</a></li>

<li><a href="Domestic_terrorism" title="Domestic terrorism">Domestic</a></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Tactics_of_terrorism" title="Tactics of terrorism"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Methods</li><li>Tactics</li></ul></div></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.5em;">

<ul><li><a href="Agro-terrorism" title="Agro-terrorism">Agro-terrorism</a></li>

<li><a href="Aircraft_hijacking" title="Aircraft hijacking">Aircraft hijacking</a> (<a href="List_of_aircraft_hijackings" title="List of aircraft hijackings">list</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Decapitation_in_Islam" title="Decapitation in Islam">Beheading</a></li>

<li><a href="Bomb" title="Bomb">Bombing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Animal-borne_bomb_attacks" title="Animal-borne bomb attacks">Animal-borne</a></li>

<li><a href="Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">Improvised</a></li>

<li><a href="Letter_bomb" title="Letter bomb">Letter</a></li>

<li><a href="Bomb_threat" title="Bomb threat">Threat</a></li>

<li><a href="Proxy_bomb" title="Proxy bomb">Proxy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">Bioterrorism</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberterrorism" title="Cyberterrorism">Cyberterrorism</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_terrorism" title="Environmental terrorism">Environmental</a></li>

<li><a href="Hostage" title="Hostage">Hostage-taking</a></li>

<li><a href="Individual_terror" title="Individual terror">Individual terror</a></li>

<li><a href="Insurgency" title="Insurgency">Insurgency</a></li>

<li><a href="Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">Kidnapping</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_terrorism" title="Nuclear terrorism">Nuclear</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper_terrorism" title="Paper terrorism">Paper</a></li>

<li><a href="Piracy" title="Piracy">Piracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li>

<li><a href="Mass_shooting" title="Mass shooting">Shooting</a>

<ul><li><a href="School_shooting" title="School shooting">School</a></li>

<li><a href="Spree_killer" title="Spree killer">Spree</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Stabbing_as_a_terrorist_tactic" title="Stabbing as a terrorist tactic">Stabbing</a></li>

<li><a href="Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">Suicide attack</a> (list)</li>

<li><a href="Tactics_of_terrorism#Rocket_and_mortar_attacks" title="Tactics of terrorism"><span class="wrap">Rockets and mortars</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Urban_terrorism" title="Urban terrorism">Urban terrorism</a></li>

<li><a href="Vehicle-ramming_attack" title="Vehicle-ramming attack">Vehicle-ramming</a></li></ul>

</div></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Terrorist groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_designated_terrorist_groups" title="List of designated terrorist groups">Designated terrorist groups</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_charities_accused_of_ties_to_terrorism" title="List of charities accused of ties to terrorism">Charities accused of ties to terrorism</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Relationship to states</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-bottom:0;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.6em;">

<ul><li><a href="Violent_non-state_actor" title="Violent non-state actor">Violent non-state actors</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;">

<a href="State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">State terrorism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.6em;">

<ul><li><a href="Terrorism_in_Kazakhstan" title="Terrorism in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li>

<li><a href="Terrorism_in_Russia#Soviet_Union" title="Terrorism in Russia">Soviet Union</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_and_state_terrorism" title="United States and state terrorism">United States</a></li>

<li><a href="Terrorism_in_Uzbekistan#State_terrorism" title="Terrorism in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul>

</div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eaeaff; font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;">

<a href="State-sponsored_terrorism" title="State-sponsored terrorism">State-sponsored terrorism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.6em;">

<li><a href="Israel_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Israel and state-sponsored terrorism">Israel</a></li>

<li><a href="Kuwait_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Kuwait and state-sponsored terrorism">Kuwait</a></li>

<li><a href="Libya_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Libya and state-sponsored terrorism">Libya</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistan_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism">Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Qatar_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Qatar and state-sponsored terrorism">Qatar</a></li>

<li><a href="Terrorism_in_Russia" title="Terrorism in Russia">Russia</a> (<a href="Soviet_Union_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Soviet Union and state-sponsored terrorism">Soviet Union</a>)</li>

<li><a href="State-sponsored_terrorism#Saudi_Arabia" title="State-sponsored terrorism">Saudi Arabia</a></li>

<li><a href="Terrorism_in_Ba'athist_Syria" title="Terrorism in Ba'athist Syria">Syria</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="United States and state-sponsored terrorism">United States</a></li>

<li><a href="Venezuela_and_state-sponsored_terrorism" title="Venezuela and state-sponsored terrorism">Venezuela</a></li></ul>

</div></td>

</tr></tbody></table></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Response to terrorism</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Counterterrorism" title="Counterterrorism">Counterterrorism</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-terrorism_legislation" title="Anti-terrorism legislation">Anti-terrorism legislation</a></li>

<li><a href="Terrorism_insurance" title="Terrorism insurance">Terrorism insurance</a></li>

<li><a href="War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:150%;"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="War" title="War">War</a></span><br><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Outline_of_war" title="Outline of war">outline</a>)</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_warfare" title="Ancient warfare">Ancient</a>

<ul><li><a href="Early_thermal_weapons" title="Early thermal weapons">Thermal</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_gunpowder" title="History of gunpowder">Gunpowder</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_gunpowder_age" title="Timeline of the gunpowder age">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Medieval_warfare" title="Medieval warfare">Post-classical</a>

<ul><li><a href="Medieval_fortification" title="Medieval fortification">Castles</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern</a>

<ul><li><a href="Military_Revolution" title="Military Revolution">Military revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Napoleonic_weaponry_and_warfare" title="Napoleonic weaponry and warfare">Napoleonic warfare</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Modern_warfare" title="Modern warfare">Late modern</a>

<ul><li><a href="Industrial_warfare" title="Industrial warfare">Industrial warfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Fourth-generation_warfare" title="Fourth-generation warfare">Fourth-gen warfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Artificial_intelligence_arms_race" title="Artificial intelligence arms race">AI warfare</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a></li>

<li><a href="Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a></li>

<li><a href="Defense_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense ministry">Defense ministry</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">Reserves</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><i>Branches:</i></li>

<li><a href="Air_force" title="Air force">Air force</a></li>

<li><a href="Marines" title="Marines">Marines</a></li>

<li><a href="Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Coast guard</a></li>

<li><a href="Border_guard" title="Border guard">Border guard</a></li>

<li><a href="Special_forces" title="Special forces">Special forces</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyber_force" title="Cyber force">Cyber force</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_force" title="Space force">Space force</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><i>Specialties:</i></li>

<li><a href="Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">Staff</a></li>

<li><a href="Combat_engineer" title="Combat engineer">Engineers</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intel</a></li>

<li><a href="Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">Recon</a></li>

<li><a href="Medical_corps" title="Medical corps">Medical</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_police" title="Military police">Police</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_diving" title="Military diving">Diving</a></li>

<li><a href="Aircraft_pilot" title="Aircraft pilot">Pilot</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><i>Land units:</i></li>

<li><a href="Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li>

<li><a href="Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li>

<li><a href="Special_forces" title="Special forces">Special forces</a></li>

<li><a href="Signal_corps" title="Signal corps">Signal corps</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><i>Naval units:</i></li>

<li><a href="Warship" title="Warship">Warships</a></li>

<li><a href="Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></li>

<li><a href="Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></li>

<li><a href="Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a></li>

<li><a href="Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">Auxiliary ships</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><i>Air units:</i></li>

<li><a href="Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></li>

<li><a href="Bomber" title="Bomber">Bombers</a></li>

<li><a href="Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">Command</a></li>

<li><a href="Close_air_support" title="Close air support">Close air support</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic-warfare_aircraft" title="Electronic-warfare aircraft">Electronic-warfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><i>Combat systems:</i></li>

<li><a href="Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">Fire-control system</a></li>

<li><a href="Fire-control_radar" title="Fire-control radar">Fire-control radar</a></li>

<li><a href="Director_(military)" title="Director (military)">Director (military)</a></li>

<li><a href="Combat_information_center" title="Combat information center">Combat information center</a></li>

<li><a href="Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a></li>

<li><a href="Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><i>Historical:</i></li>

<li><a href="Ship_gun_fire-control_system" title="Ship gun fire-control system">Ship gun fire-control</a></li>

<li><a href="Gun_data_computer" title="Gun data computer">Gun data computer</a></li>

<li><a href="Torpedo_Data_Computer" title="Torpedo Data Computer">Torpedo data computer</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><i>Development:</i></li>

<li><a href="Basic_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic training">Basic training</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Military manoeuvrers</a></li>

<li><a href="Combat_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat training">Combat training</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Aerospace" title="Aerospace">Aerospace</a>

<ul><li><a href="Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Aerial</a></li>

<li><a href="Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">Space</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Cold-weather_warfare" title="Cold-weather warfare">Cold-region</a></li>

<li><a href="Desert_warfare" title="Desert warfare">Desert</a></li>

<li><a href="Fortification" title="Fortification">Fortification</a></li>

<li><a href="Jungle_warfare" title="Jungle warfare">Jungle</a></li>

<li><a href="Mountain_warfare" title="Mountain warfare">Mountain</a></li>

<li><a href="Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">Urban</a></li>

<li><a href="Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">Amphibious</a></li>

<li><a href="Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">Brown</a></li>

<li><a href="Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">Green</a></li>

<li><a href="Surface_warfare" title="Surface warfare">Surface</a></li>

<li><a href="Underwater_warfare" title="Underwater warfare">Underwater</a>

<ul><li><a href="Seabed_warfare" title="Seabed warfare">Seabed</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

<hr>

<ul><li><a href="Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyber</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">Air defence</a></li>

<li><a href="Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">Armor</a></li>

<li><a href="Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li>

<li><a href="Barrage_(artillery)" title="Barrage (artillery)">Barrage</a></li>

<li><a href="Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a></li>

<li><a href="Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a>

<ul><li><a href="Horses_in_warfare" title="Horses in warfare">Horses</a></li>

<li><a href="Cavalry_tactics#Cavalry_in_modern_warfare" title="Cavalry tactics">Air cavalry</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical</a></li>

<li><a href="Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">Combined arms</a></li>

<li><a href="Conventional_warfare" title="Conventional warfare">Conventional</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberweapon" title="Cyberweapon">Cyber</a></li>

<li><a href="Area_denial_weapon" title="Area denial weapon">Denial</a></li>

<li><a href="Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a></li>

<li><a href="Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a> / <a href="Military_robot" title="Military robot">Robot</a></li>

<li><a href="Electromagnetic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Electromagnetic warfare">Electromagnetic</a></li>

<li><a href="Firearm" title="Firearm">Firearms</a></li>

<li><a href="Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></li>

<li><a href="Loitering_munition" title="Loitering munition">Loitering</a></li>

<li><a href="Missile_defense" title="Missile defense">Missile</a></li>

<li><a href="Martial_music" title="Martial music">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">Psychological</a></li>

<li><a href="Radiological_warfare" title="Radiological warfare">Radiological</a></li>

<li><a href="Submarine_warfare" title="Submarine warfare">Submarine</a></li>

<li><a href="Unconventional_warfare" title="Unconventional warfare">Unconventional</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">List of military tactics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Air_combat_manoeuvring" title="Air combat manoeuvring">Aerial</a></li>

<li><a href="Airlift" title="Airlift">Airlift</a>

<ul><li><a href="Air_assault" title="Air assault">Air assault</a></li>

<li><a href="Airbridge_(logistics)" title="Airbridge (logistics)">Airbridge</a></li>

<li><a href="Airdrop" title="Airdrop">Airdrop</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">Anti-aircraft</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a></li>

<li><a href="Cavalry_tactics" title="Cavalry tactics">Cavalry</a></li>

<li><a href="Charge_(warfare)" title="Charge (warfare)">Charge</a></li>

<li><a href="Counterattack" title="Counterattack">Counterattack</a></li>

<li><a href="Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">Counterinsurgency</a></li>

<li><a href="Convoy" title="Convoy">Convoy</a></li>

<li><a href="Defeat_in_detail" title="Defeat in detail">Defeat in detail</a></li>

<li><a href="Defensive_fighting_position" title="Defensive fighting position">Foxhole</a></li>

<li><a href="Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a></li>

<li><a href="Envelopment" title="Envelopment">Envelopment</a></li>

<li><a href="Tactical_formation" title="Tactical formation">Formation</a></li>

<li><a href="Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">Guerrilla</a></li>

<li><a href="Naval_tactics" title="Naval tactics">Naval</a></li>

<li><a href="Shock_and_awe" title="Shock and awe">Rapid dominance</a></li>

<li><a href="Encirclement" title="Encirclement">Encirclement</a></li>

<li><a href="Investment_(military)" title="Investment (military)">Investment</a>

<ul><li><a href="Siege" title="Siege">Siege</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Swarming_(military)" title="Swarming (military)">Swarm</a></li>

<li><a href="Screening_(tactical)" title="Screening (tactical)">Screen</a></li>

<li><a href="Tactical_objective" title="Tactical objective">Tactical objective</a></li>

<li><a href="Saturation_attack" title="Saturation attack">Target saturation</a></li>

<li><a href="Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench</a></li>

<li><a href="Withdrawal_(military)" title="Withdrawal (military)">Withdrawal</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Operational_level_of_war" title="Operational level of war">Operational</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Military_operation" title="Military operation">Military operation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Special_operations" title="Special operations">Special</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Operations_research" title="Operations research">Operations research</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">Expeditionary</a></li>

<li><a href="Deep_operation" title="Deep operation">Deep operation</a></li>

<li><a href="Maneuver_warfare" title="Maneuver warfare">Maneuver</a></li>

<li><a href="Operational_manoeuvre_group" title="Operational manoeuvre group">Operational manoeuvre group</a></li>

<li><a href="Covert_operation" title="Covert operation">Covert</a></li>

<li><a href="Stay-behind" title="Stay-behind">Stay-behind</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">Strategy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="List_of_military_strategies_and_concepts" title="List of military strategies and concepts">List of military strategies and concepts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">Military campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-access/area_denial" title="Anti-access/area denial">Anti-access</a></li>

<li><a href="Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">Attrition</a></li>

<li><a href="Commerce_raiding" title="Commerce raiding">Commerce raiding</a></li>

<li><a href="Counter-offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-offensive">Counter-offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Culminating_point" title="Culminating point">Culminating</a></li>

<li><a href="Defence_in_depth" title="Defence in depth">Defence in depth</a></li>

<li><a href="Fabian_strategy" title="Fabian strategy">Fabian</a></li>

<li><a href="Empty_Fort_Strategy" title="Empty Fort Strategy">Empty fort</a></li>

<li><a href="Mosaic_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic Warfare">Mosaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_deception" title="Military deception">Deception</a></li>

<li><a href="Strategic_defence" title="Strategic defence">Defensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Strategic_depth" title="Strategic depth">Depth</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_strategy" title="Nuclear strategy">Nuclear</a></li>

<li><a href="Naval_strategy" title="Naval strategy">Naval</a></li>

<li><a href="Offensive_(military)" title="Offensive (military)">Offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">Scorched earth</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">Asymmetric</a></li>

<li><a href="Blockade" title="Blockade">Blockade</a></li>

<li><a href="Broken-backed_war_theory" title="Broken-backed war theory">Broken-backed</a></li>

<li><a href="Class_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Class conflict">Class</a></li>

<li><a href="Colonial_war" title="Colonial war">Colonial</a></li>

<li><a href="Conquest" title="Conquest">Conquest</a></li>

<li><a href="Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li>

<li><a href="Divide_and_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Divide and rule">Divide and conquer</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_warfare" title="Economic warfare">Economic</a></li>

<li><a href="Endemic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic warfare">Endemic</a></li>

<li><a href="Fleet_in_being" title="Fleet in being">Fleet in being</a></li>

<li><a href="Irregular_warfare" title="Irregular warfare">Irregular</a></li>

<li><a href="Wars_of_national_liberation" title="Wars of national liberation">Liberation</a></li>

<li><a href="Limited_war" title="Limited war">Limited</a></li>

<li><a href="Network-centric_warfare" title="Network-centric warfare">Network-centric</a></li>

<li><a href="New_generation_warfare" title="New generation warfare">New generation</a></li>

<li><a href="Perpetual_war" title="Perpetual war">Perpetual</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_warfare" title="Political warfare">Political</a></li>

<li><a href="Princely_rebellion" title="Princely rebellion">Princely</a></li>

<li><a href="Proxy_war" title="Proxy war">Proxy</a></li>

<li><a href="Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious</a></li>

<li><a href="Resource_war" title="Resource war">Resource</a></li>

<li><a href="Strategic_studies" title="Strategic studies">Strategic</a></li>

<li><a href="War_of_succession" title="War of succession">Succession</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_technology" title="Military technology">Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">Theater</a></li>

<li><a href="Total_war" title="Total war">Total war</a></li>

<li><a href="World_war" title="World war">World war</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Military_administration" title="Military administration">Administrative</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Military_branch" title="Military branch">Branch</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_policy" title="Military policy">Policy</a></li>

<li><a href="Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">Staff</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_education_and_training" title="Military education and training">Training</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_service" title="Military service">Service</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_sociology" title="Military sociology">Sociology</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Area_of_responsibility" title="Area of responsibility">Area of responsibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">Chain of command</a></li>

<li><a href="Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_doctrine" title="Military doctrine">Doctrine</a></li>

<li><a href="Order_of_battle" title="Order of battle">Order of battle</a></li>

<li><a href="Principles_of_war" title="Principles of war">Principles of war</a></li>

<li><a href="Economy_of_force" title="Economy of force">Economy of force</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_medicine" title="Military medicine">Medicine</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Engineers</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_technology" title="Military technology">Technology and equipment</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">Recruitment</a></li>

<li><a href="Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li>

<li><a href="Draft_evasion" title="Draft evasion">Draft evasion</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobilization" title="Mobilization">Mobilization</a></li>

<li><a href="Recruit_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Recruit training">Training</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_specialism" title="Military specialism">Specialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Soldier" title="Soldier">Soldier</a></li>

<li><a href="Morale" title="Morale">Morale</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_volunteer" title="Military volunteer">Volunteer</a></li>

<li><a href="Women_in_the_military" title="Women in the military">Women</a></li>

<li><a href="Children_in_the_military" title="Children in the military">Children</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgender_people_and_military_service" title="Transgender people and military service">Transgender</a></li>

<li><a href="Sexual_harassment_in_the_military" title="Sexual harassment in the military">Harassment</a></li>

<li><a href="Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li>

<li><a href="Conscription_and_sexism" title="Conscription and sexism">Conscription and sexism</a></li>

<li><a href="Counter-recruitment" title="Counter-recruitment">Counter-recruitment</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_military_logistics" title="History of military logistics">History</a></li>

<li><a href="War_economy" title="War economy">War economy</a></li>

<li><a href="Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">Arms industry</a></li>

<li><a href="Materiel" title="Materiel">Materiel</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_supply-chain_management" title="Military supply-chain management">Supply-chain management</a></li>

<li><a href="Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a></li>

<li><a href="Outpost_(military)" title="Outpost (military)">Outpost</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Power_projection" title="Power projection">Power projection</a></li>

<li><a href="Loss-of-strength_gradient" title="Loss-of-strength gradient">Loss-of-strength gradient</a></li>

<li><a href="Lanchester's_laws" title="Lanchester's laws">Lanchester's laws</a>

<ul><li><a href="Force_multiplication" title="Force multiplication">Force multiplication</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Morale" title="Morale">Morale</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Belligerent" title="Belligerent">Belligerent</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">Occupation</a></li>

<li><a href="Armistice" title="Armistice">Armistice</a></li>

<li><a href="Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">Ceasefire</a></li>

<li><a href="Court-martial" title="Court-martial">Court-martial</a></li>

<li><a href="Desertion" title="Desertion">Desertion</a></li>

<li><a href="Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a></li>

<li><a href="Geneva_Protocol" title="Geneva Protocol">Geneva Protocol</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Islamic rules</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_justice" title="Military justice">Justice</a></li>

<li><a href="Combatant" title="Combatant">Lawful</a> / <a href="Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">Unlawful combatant</a></li>

<li><a href="Perfidy" title="Perfidy">Perfidy</a></li>

<li><a href="Regular_army" title="Regular army">Regular</a> / <a href="Irregular_military" title="Irregular military">Irregular</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_laws_on_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish laws on war">Jewish laws on war</a></li>

<li><a href="Right_of_conquest" title="Right of conquest">Right of conquest</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-defence_in_international_law" title="Self-defence in international law">Right of self-defence</a></li>

<li><a href="Rules_of_engagement" title="Rules of engagement">Rules of engagement</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li>

<li><a href="Martial_law" title="Martial law">Martial law</a></li>

<li><a href="War_crime" title="War crime">War crime</a></li>

<li><a href="War_and_genocide" title="War and genocide">War and genocide</a></li>

<li><a href="War_treason" title="War treason">War treason</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Air_supremacy" title="Air supremacy">Air supremacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Appeasement</a></li>

<li><a href="Command_of_the_sea" title="Command of the sea">Command of the sea</a></li>

<li><a href="Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Full-spectrum_dominance" title="Full-spectrum dominance">Full-spectrum dominance</a></li>

<li><a href="Overmatch" title="Overmatch">Overmatch</a></li>

<li><a href="Just_war_theory" title="Just war theory">Just war theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Principles_of_war" title="Principles of war">Principles of war</a></li>

<li><a href="Philosophy_of_war" title="Philosophy of war">Philosophy of war</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_dilemma" title="Security dilemma">Security dilemma</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tripwire_force" title="Tripwire force">Tripwire force</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Professional_wargaming" title="Professional wargaming">Wargaming</a>

<ul><li><a href="Military_simulation" title="Military simulation">Simulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Exercises</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Combat_effectiveness" title="Combat effectiveness">Combat effectiveness</a></li>

<li><a href="Center_of_gravity_(military)" title="Center of gravity (military)">Center of gravity</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

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<p>A "<b>soft target</b>" is a person, thing, or location that is easily accessible to the general public and relatively unprotected, making it vulnerable to <a href="Military_strike" title="Military strike">military strikes</a>, <a href="Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>, <a href="Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">car bombs</a>, or crimes such as <a href="Vehicle-ramming_attack" title="Vehicle-ramming attack">vehicle-ramming attacks</a> or <a href="Mass_shooting" title="Mass shooting">mass shootings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxford_Dictionaries_Online_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxford_Dictionaries_Online-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By contrast, a "<b>hard target</b>" is heavily defended or not accessible to the general public.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div>

<p>The terms "soft target" and "hard target" are flexible in nature and the distinction between the two is not always clear.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForest200638_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForest200638-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, typical "soft targets" are civilian sites where unarmed people congregate in large numbers; examples include <a href="National_monument" title="National monument">national monuments</a>, hospitals, schools, sporting arenas, hotels, cultural centers, movie theaters, <a href="Caf%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Café">cafés</a> and restaurants, <a href="Places_of_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Places of worship">places of worship</a>, nightclubs, shopping centers, transportation sites (such as <a href="Railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway station">railway stations</a>, buses, rail systems, and ferries), and farmers' cooperatives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForest200637_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForest200637-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGovern2012371_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGovern2012371-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett200762_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett200762-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPreston1987_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreston1987-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soft targets are contrasted with hard targets, which are well-protected.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett200762_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett200762-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of hard targets include airports, government buildings, military installations, <a href="Diplomatic_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic missions">diplomatic missions</a>, and <a href="Power_station" title="Power station">power stations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForest200637_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForest200637-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGovern2012371_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGovern2012371-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett200762_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett200762-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hard targets have <a href="Access_control" title="Access control">access controls</a> that prevent public access.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett200762_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett200762-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>Terrorist groups more often choose to strike soft targets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGovern2012371_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGovern2012371-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForest200640_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForest200640-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of terrorist attacks worldwide from 1968 to 2005, 72% (8,111) struck soft targets and 27% (4,248) struck hard targets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForest200639–40_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForest200639–40-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The intent of attacks on soft targets is to instill fear as well as inflict casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett200762_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett200762-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Clark_Kent_Ervin" class="mw-redirect" title="Clark Kent Ervin">Clark Kent Ervin</a> notes that attacks on soft targets inflict psychological damage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErvin2006158_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErvin2006158-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, while preparations were being made for the <a href="2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012 Summer Olympics</a>, the deputy commissioner of London's <a href="Metropolitan_Police_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Police Service">Metropolitan Police Service</a> noted that if the primary targets were secure, terrorists might substitute targets that are nearby but not as well protected.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErvin2006103_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErvin2006103-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Military and paramilitary groups may adopt a strategy of attacking soft targets in order to avoid direct confrontation with a stronger opponent. For example, U.S. military general <a href="John_Galvin_(general)" title="John Galvin (general)">John Galvin</a> noted in 1987 that <a href="Contras" title="Contras">Contra rebels</a> switched to civilian targets rather than continuing the direct fighting against the <a href="Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan1987_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan1987-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Air_raid_shelter" title="Air raid shelter">Air raid shelter</a></li>

<li><a href="Bollard_(traffic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollard (traffic)">Bollard</a></li>

<li><a href="Collateral_damage" title="Collateral damage">Collateral damage</a></li>

<li><a href="Physical_security" title="Physical security">Physical security</a></li>

<li><a href="Suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombing">Suicide bombing</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_federal_building_security" title="United States federal building security">United States federal building security</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxford_Dictionaries_Online-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxford_Dictionaries_Online_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOxford_Dictionaries_Online">Oxford Dictionaries Online</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForest200638-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForest200638_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForest2006">Forest 2006</a>, p. 38.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForest200637-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForest200637_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForest200637_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForest2006">Forest 2006</a>, p. 37.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGovern2012371-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGovern2012371_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGovern2012371_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGovern2012371_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcGovern2012">McGovern 2012</a>, p. 371.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennett200762-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett200762_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett200762_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett200762_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett200762_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennett200762_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennett2007">Bennett 2007</a>, p. 62.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPreston1987-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPreston1987_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPreston1987">Preston 1987</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForest200640-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForest200640_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForest2006">Forest 2006</a>, p. 40.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForest200639–40-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForest200639–40_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForest2006">Forest 2006</a>, pp. 39–40.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErvin2006158-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErvin2006158_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErvin2006">Ervin 2006</a>, p. 158.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErvin2006103-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErvin2006103_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErvin2006">Ervin 2006</a>, p. 103.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan1987-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan1987_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplan1987">Kaplan 1987</a>.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

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.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBennett2007" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Brian T. (2007). <i>Understanding, Assessing, and Responding to Terrorism: Protecting Critical Infrastructure and Personnel</i>. John Wiley & Sons.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFErvin2006" class="citation book cs1">Ervin, Clark Kent (2006). <i>Open Target: Where America Is Vulnerable to Attack</i>. St Martin's.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFForest2006" class="citation book cs1">Forest, James J.F. (2006). <i>Homeland Security: Protecting America's Targets</i>. Greenwood.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFGirginov2013" class="citation book cs1">Girginov, Vassil (2013). <i>Handbook of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games: Making the Games</i>. Vol. 1. Routledge.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMcGovern2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McGovern, Glenn P. (2012). "Securitization After Terror". In Margaret E. Beare (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Transnational Crime and Justice</i>. Sage.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKaplan1987" class="citation web cs1">Kaplan, Fred (May 20, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140611123447/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8011570.html">"US General Says Contra Chances Improving"</a>. <i>Boston Globe</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8011570.html">the original</a> on June 11, 2014.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKroll2006" class="citation book cs1">Kroll, Dan J. (2006). <i>Securing Our Water Supply: Protecting a Vulnerable Resource</i>. PennWell.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFOxford_Dictionaries_Online" class="citation web cs1">Oxford Dictionaries Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103144928/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/soft-target">"Soft target"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionaries Online</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/soft-target">the original</a> on January 3, 2014.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFPreston1987" class="citation news cs1">Preston, Julia (September 8, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/09/08/rebels-still-seeking-a-win/1f18dca6-96d4-48b2-ab14-92ef9fc63847">"Rebels Still Seeking a Win"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/soft_target" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:soft target"><i>soft target</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-23" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Soft_target&oldid=1296952302">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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